sect54eng
INTRODUCTION - sect54eng0007
SHORELINE PROCESSES - sect54eng0008
Figure 1. Characteristics of Waves - sect54eng0009
Sediment Transport - sect54eng0010
Sediment Transport (Cont.) - sect54eng0011
Figure 3. Common Soil Clasiffication Systems ( After Winterkorn and Fang 1975)
Water Level Variations - sect54eng0013
Figure 4. Types of Tides ( Wiegel 1953 )
Storm Effects - sect54eng0015
Lake Level Variations - sect54eng0016
THE IMPORTANCE OF SHOREFORM
Low Erodible Plains and Sand Beaches - sect54eng0018
Wetlands and Marshes - sect54eng0019
Slope Stability - sect54eng0020
A LOOK AT THE OPTIONS - sect54eng0021
BULKHEADS AND SEAWALLS - sect54eng0022
REVETMENTS
BREAKWATERS - sect54eng0024
Figure 9. Plan View of a Breakwater - sect54eng0025
Figure 10. Effects of Groins - sect54eng0026
BEACH FILLS - sect54eng0027
INFILTRATION AND DRAINAGE CONTROLS - sect54eng0028
Figure 11. Perched Beach - sect54eng0029
STRUCTURES AND FILLS - sect54eng0030
THE DESIGN PROBLEM - sect54eng0031
Applicability to Shoreline Uses - sect54eng0032
Table 1. METHODS APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS SHOREFORMS
Table 2. COMPATIBILITY OF ALTERNATIVES WITH SHORELINE USES
Wave Heights - sect54eng0035
Table 3. Sample Tide Table ( U.S. Department of Commerce 1976 )
Figure 12. Reference Water Levels at Oxford, Maryland
Figure 13. Design lake Levels ( After U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 1981a )
Figure 14. Storm Setup Values for the Great Lakes ( After U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 1978d)
Wave Heights (Cont.) - sect54eng0040
Figure15. Fastest - Mile Wind Speeds: 10 - year Return Period
Table 4. PERCENT CHANCE OF DESIGN EVENT OCCURRENCE
Figure 17. Identification of Fetch Lengths at a Site
Table 5. Wind-Generated Wave Heights and ( Periods ) fetch Lengths With Average Deptes = 5 Feet
Table 7. Wind-Generated Wave Heights and ( Periods ) fetch Lengths With Average Deptes = 15 Feet
Table 9. Wind-Generated Wave Heights and ( Periods ) fetch Lengths With Average Deptes = 25 Feet
Wave Heights (cont.) - sect54eng0047
Figure 18. Dimensionless Design Breakwater Height Versus Relative Depth at Structure ( Weggel 1972 )
Strength - sect54eng0049
Figure 20. Flexibility as a Structural Requirement
Filtering - sect54eng0051
Filtering (cont.) - sect54eng0052
Filtering (cont.) - sect54eng0053
Figure 24. Design Criteria for protective Filters ( U.S. Navy Naval Faclities Engineering Command 1971)
Flank Protection - sect54eng0055
Figure 25. Flank Protection
Structure Height - sect54eng0057
Figure 26. Local Wavelength Given Depth and Period ( After Giles and Eckert 1979 )
Environmental Factors - sect54eng0059
Table 11. Wave Runup Heights - sect54eng0060
Corrosion and Freezing - sect54eng0061
Vandalism and Theft - sect54eng0062
SHORE PROTECTION METHODS - sect54eng0063
Figure 28. Cantilever and Anchored Sheet Pile Bulkheads
Treated Timber - sect54eng0065
Figure 30. Typical Timber Sheet Sections ( Winterkorn and Fang 1975)
Figure 31. Plan View and Cross Section of Typical Sheet Pile Bulkhead [American Wood Preserver Institiute 1970 )
Figure 32. Steel Sheet Pile Bulkhead
Post Supported Bulkheads - sect54eng0069
Hogwire Fencing and Stacked Bags - sect54eng0070
Used Rubber Tires
Railroad Ties and Steel H-Piles - sect54eng0072
Miscellaneous Bulkheads - sect54eng0073
Stacked Used Tires - sect54eng0074
Used Concrete Pipes - sect54eng0075
Figure 41. Used Concrete Pipe Bulkhead
Quarrystone and Riprap - sect54eng0077
Tables 13, 14 and 15 contain solutions for Equations 17 with an illustrative example of their use.
Table 13. Estimated Weight of Armor Stone
Concrete - sect54eng0080
Concrete Blocks - sect54eng0081
Gobi (Erco) and Jumbo Blocks and Mats - sect54eng0082
Figure 46. Revetment Blocks ( After U.S. Army Coprs of Engineers 1981d)
Figure 47. Ercomat Revetment
Control Blocks - sect54eng0085
Shiplap Blocks
Lok-Gard Blocks - sect54eng0087
Stacked Bags or Mats - sect54eng0088
Figure 53. Terrafix Block Revetment - sect54eng0089
Figure 54. Stacked Bag Revetment - sect54eng0090
Burlap Bags - sect54eng0091
Miscellaneous - sect54eng0092
Steel Fuel Barrels - sect54eng0093
BREAKWATERS - sect54eng0094
Floating Breakwaters - sect54eng0095
Figure 60. Floating tire Breakwater Modules ( After U.S. army Corps of Engineers 1978b)
Fastening Materials - sect54eng0097
Figure 61. Transmitted Wave Heught Versus Structures Width ( Glies and Eckert 1979)
Fixed Breakwaters and Sills - sect54eng0099
Figure 62. Mooring Loads Floating Tire Breawaters
Figure 63. Before and After Views of a Longard Tuve Breakwater
Sand-Filled Bags - sect54eng0102
Grout-Filled Bags - sect54eng0103
Figure 67. Gabion Breakwater
Figure 68. Z-Mall Breakwater
Figure 79. Surgebreaker Breakwater
Quarrystone - sect54eng0107
Table 16. KD VALUES FOR STONE BREAKWATERS
Timber Piles and Brush - sect54eng0109
Stacked Baqs - sect54eng0110
Quarrystone - sect54eng0111
Figure 77. Quarrystone Groin - sect54eng0112
Longard_Tubes - sect54eng0113
Figure 80. Timber Sheet Pile Groin - sect54eng0114
Timber and Rock - sect54eng0115
BEACH FILLS - sect54eng0116
Table 17. PHI VERSUS MILLIMETER PARTICLE SIZES
Figure 84. Fill factors for Beach Fills ( After Hobson 1977 ) - sect54eng0118
Figure 85. Beach Fill - sect54eng0119
Smooth Cordgrass (Spartina alternaflora)
Table 18. Plantic Specifications for Marsh Plants
Figure 86. Marsh Vegetation
Figure 87. Site Evaluation Form for Plants ( After U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 1980)
Black Needle Rush (juncus roemerianus) - sect54eng0124
Beach and Dune Plants - sect54eng0125
Figure 88. Dune Vegetation - sect54eng0126
Table 19. Selected Beach and Dune Grass Planting Specifications
Sea Oats (Uniola paniculata)
Great Lakes Region - sect54eng0129
Figure 89. Concrete Box Sill
PROPRIETARY DEVICES AND SPECIALTY MATERIALS - sect54eng0131
Table 20
Table 20 (cont.) - sect54eng0133
Table 20 (cont.) - sect54eng0134
OVERVIEW OF THE DESIGN PROBLEM - sect54eng0135
Figure 91. Profile and Physical Conditions at the Site
Figure 92. Fetch Lenghts at the Site - sect54eng0137
SELECTION OF DEVICES - sect54eng0138
SELECTION OF DEVICES (cont.) - sect54eng0139
PERMIT REQUIREMENTS - sect54eng0140
CORPS OF ENGINEERS OFFICES - sect54eng0141
Table 21. CORPS OF ENGINEERS OFFICES - sect54eng0142
Table 21. CORPS OF ENGINEERS OFFICES (Cont.) - sect54eng0143
Table 21. CORPS OF ENGINEERS OFFICES (Cont.) - sect54eng0144
Table 21. CORPS OF ENGINEERS OFFICES (Cont.) - sect54eng0145
Table 21. CORPS OF ENGINEERS OFFICES (Cont.) - sect54eng0146
Table 21. CORPS OF ENGINEERS OFFICES (Cont.) - sect54eng0147
OTHER SOURCES OF INFORMATION - sect54eng0148
SUGGESTED READING - sect54eng0149
Shore Protection (General) - sect54eng0150
Permits and Regulations - sect54eng0151
GLOSSARY - sect54eng0152
GLOSSARY (Cont.) - sect54eng0153
GLOSSARY (Cont.) - sect54eng0154
GLOSSARY (Cont.) - sect54eng0155
GLOSSARY (Cont.) - sect54eng0156
GLOSSARY (Cont.) - sect54eng0157
GLOSSARY (Cont.) - sect54eng0158
GLOSSARY (Cont.) - sect54eng0159
LITERATURE CITED - sect54eng0160
LITERATURE CITED (Cont.) - sect54eng0161
LITERATURE CITED (Cont.) - sect54eng0162
INTRODUCTION - sect54eng0007
SHORELINE PROCESSES - sect54eng0008
Figure 1. Characteristics of Waves - sect54eng0009
Sediment Transport - sect54eng0010
Sediment Transport (Cont.) - sect54eng0011
Figure 3. Common Soil Clasiffication Systems ( After Winterkorn and Fang 1975)
Water Level Variations - sect54eng0013
Figure 4. Types of Tides ( Wiegel 1953 )
Storm Effects - sect54eng0015
Lake Level Variations - sect54eng0016
THE IMPORTANCE OF SHOREFORM
Low Erodible Plains and Sand Beaches - sect54eng0018
Wetlands and Marshes - sect54eng0019
Slope Stability - sect54eng0020
A LOOK AT THE OPTIONS - sect54eng0021
BULKHEADS AND SEAWALLS - sect54eng0022
REVETMENTS
BREAKWATERS - sect54eng0024
Figure 9. Plan View of a Breakwater - sect54eng0025
Figure 10. Effects of Groins - sect54eng0026
BEACH FILLS - sect54eng0027
INFILTRATION AND DRAINAGE CONTROLS - sect54eng0028
Figure 11. Perched Beach - sect54eng0029
STRUCTURES AND FILLS - sect54eng0030
THE DESIGN PROBLEM - sect54eng0031
Applicability to Shoreline Uses - sect54eng0032
Table 1. METHODS APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS SHOREFORMS
Table 2. COMPATIBILITY OF ALTERNATIVES WITH SHORELINE USES
Wave Heights - sect54eng0035
Table 3. Sample Tide Table ( U.S. Department of Commerce 1976 )
Figure 12. Reference Water Levels at Oxford, Maryland
Figure 13. Design lake Levels ( After U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 1981a )
Figure 14. Storm Setup Values for the Great Lakes ( After U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 1978d)
Wave Heights (Cont.) - sect54eng0040
Figure15. Fastest - Mile Wind Speeds: 10 - year Return Period
Table 4. PERCENT CHANCE OF DESIGN EVENT OCCURRENCE
Figure 17. Identification of Fetch Lengths at a Site
Table 5. Wind-Generated Wave Heights and ( Periods ) fetch Lengths With Average Deptes = 5 Feet
Table 7. Wind-Generated Wave Heights and ( Periods ) fetch Lengths With Average Deptes = 15 Feet
Table 9. Wind-Generated Wave Heights and ( Periods ) fetch Lengths With Average Deptes = 25 Feet
Wave Heights (cont.) - sect54eng0047
Figure 18. Dimensionless Design Breakwater Height Versus Relative Depth at Structure ( Weggel 1972 )
Strength - sect54eng0049
Figure 20. Flexibility as a Structural Requirement
Filtering - sect54eng0051
Filtering (cont.) - sect54eng0052
Filtering (cont.) - sect54eng0053
Figure 24. Design Criteria for protective Filters ( U.S. Navy Naval Faclities Engineering Command 1971)
Flank Protection - sect54eng0055
Figure 25. Flank Protection
Structure Height - sect54eng0057
Figure 26. Local Wavelength Given Depth and Period ( After Giles and Eckert 1979 )
Environmental Factors - sect54eng0059
Table 11. Wave Runup Heights - sect54eng0060
Corrosion and Freezing - sect54eng0061
Vandalism and Theft - sect54eng0062
SHORE PROTECTION METHODS - sect54eng0063
Figure 28. Cantilever and Anchored Sheet Pile Bulkheads
Treated Timber - sect54eng0065
Figure 30. Typical Timber Sheet Sections ( Winterkorn and Fang 1975)
Figure 31. Plan View and Cross Section of Typical Sheet Pile Bulkhead [American Wood Preserver Institiute 1970 )
Figure 32. Steel Sheet Pile Bulkhead
Post Supported Bulkheads - sect54eng0069
Hogwire Fencing and Stacked Bags - sect54eng0070
Used Rubber Tires
Railroad Ties and Steel H-Piles - sect54eng0072
Miscellaneous Bulkheads - sect54eng0073
Stacked Used Tires - sect54eng0074
Used Concrete Pipes - sect54eng0075
Figure 41. Used Concrete Pipe Bulkhead
Quarrystone and Riprap - sect54eng0077
Tables 13, 14 and 15 contain solutions for Equations 17 with an illustrative example of their use.
Table 13. Estimated Weight of Armor Stone
Concrete - sect54eng0080
Concrete Blocks - sect54eng0081
Gobi (Erco) and Jumbo Blocks and Mats - sect54eng0082
Figure 46. Revetment Blocks ( After U.S. Army Coprs of Engineers 1981d)
Figure 47. Ercomat Revetment
Control Blocks - sect54eng0085
Shiplap Blocks
Lok-Gard Blocks - sect54eng0087
Stacked Bags or Mats - sect54eng0088
Figure 53. Terrafix Block Revetment - sect54eng0089
Figure 54. Stacked Bag Revetment - sect54eng0090
Burlap Bags - sect54eng0091
Miscellaneous - sect54eng0092
Steel Fuel Barrels - sect54eng0093
BREAKWATERS - sect54eng0094
Floating Breakwaters - sect54eng0095
Figure 60. Floating tire Breakwater Modules ( After U.S. army Corps of Engineers 1978b)
Fastening Materials - sect54eng0097
Figure 61. Transmitted Wave Heught Versus Structures Width ( Glies and Eckert 1979)
Fixed Breakwaters and Sills - sect54eng0099
Figure 62. Mooring Loads Floating Tire Breawaters
Figure 63. Before and After Views of a Longard Tuve Breakwater
Sand-Filled Bags - sect54eng0102
Grout-Filled Bags - sect54eng0103
Figure 67. Gabion Breakwater
Figure 68. Z-Mall Breakwater
Figure 79. Surgebreaker Breakwater
Quarrystone - sect54eng0107
Table 16. KD VALUES FOR STONE BREAKWATERS
Timber Piles and Brush - sect54eng0109
Stacked Baqs - sect54eng0110
Quarrystone - sect54eng0111
Figure 77. Quarrystone Groin - sect54eng0112
Longard_Tubes - sect54eng0113
Figure 80. Timber Sheet Pile Groin - sect54eng0114
Timber and Rock - sect54eng0115
BEACH FILLS - sect54eng0116
Table 17. PHI VERSUS MILLIMETER PARTICLE SIZES
Figure 84. Fill factors for Beach Fills ( After Hobson 1977 ) - sect54eng0118
Figure 85. Beach Fill - sect54eng0119
Smooth Cordgrass (Spartina alternaflora)
Table 18. Plantic Specifications for Marsh Plants
Figure 86. Marsh Vegetation
Figure 87. Site Evaluation Form for Plants ( After U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 1980)
Black Needle Rush (juncus roemerianus) - sect54eng0124
Beach and Dune Plants - sect54eng0125
Figure 88. Dune Vegetation - sect54eng0126
Table 19. Selected Beach and Dune Grass Planting Specifications
Sea Oats (Uniola paniculata)
Great Lakes Region - sect54eng0129
Figure 89. Concrete Box Sill
PROPRIETARY DEVICES AND SPECIALTY MATERIALS - sect54eng0131
Table 20
Table 20 (cont.) - sect54eng0133
Table 20 (cont.) - sect54eng0134
OVERVIEW OF THE DESIGN PROBLEM - sect54eng0135
Figure 91. Profile and Physical Conditions at the Site
Figure 92. Fetch Lenghts at the Site - sect54eng0137
SELECTION OF DEVICES - sect54eng0138
SELECTION OF DEVICES (cont.) - sect54eng0139
PERMIT REQUIREMENTS - sect54eng0140
CORPS OF ENGINEERS OFFICES - sect54eng0141
Table 21. CORPS OF ENGINEERS OFFICES - sect54eng0142
Table 21. CORPS OF ENGINEERS OFFICES (Cont.) - sect54eng0143
Table 21. CORPS OF ENGINEERS OFFICES (Cont.) - sect54eng0144
Table 21. CORPS OF ENGINEERS OFFICES (Cont.) - sect54eng0145
Table 21. CORPS OF ENGINEERS OFFICES (Cont.) - sect54eng0146
Table 21. CORPS OF ENGINEERS OFFICES (Cont.) - sect54eng0147
OTHER SOURCES OF INFORMATION - sect54eng0148
SUGGESTED READING - sect54eng0149
Shore Protection (General) - sect54eng0150
Permits and Regulations - sect54eng0151
GLOSSARY - sect54eng0152
GLOSSARY (Cont.) - sect54eng0153
GLOSSARY (Cont.) - sect54eng0154
GLOSSARY (Cont.) - sect54eng0155
GLOSSARY (Cont.) - sect54eng0156
GLOSSARY (Cont.) - sect54eng0157
GLOSSARY (Cont.) - sect54eng0158
GLOSSARY (Cont.) - sect54eng0159
LITERATURE CITED - sect54eng0160
LITERATURE CITED (Cont.) - sect54eng0161
LITERATURE CITED (Cont.) - sect54eng0162
