Appendix A: A Practical Guide to Effective Discharge Calculations
sediment load transported by the effective discharge, to determine a stable water surface slope and mean
cross-sectional depth. This computation is accomplished using the SAM hydraulic design package
(Thomas et al., 1994), through simultaneous solution of Brownlie's equations for bed material load
transport and flow resistance. Design dimensions are reach-average values for a trapezoidal channel shape
and they may then be modified to account for local variability in cross-sectional form between, for example,
crossings and bendways in a meandering stream.
In this application, the effective discharge is required to enter the SAM package for stable channel
design. Hence, an accurate and reliable effective discharge calculation is an essential precursor to
application of the SAM package in channel restoration design.
APPENDIX I. REFERENCES
Ackers, P. (1992). Hydraulic design of two-stage channels. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil
Engineers, Water, Maritime and Energy, pp. 247-257.
Andrews, E. D. (1979). Scour and fill in a stream channel, East Fork River, western Wyoming. U.S.
Geological Survey Professional Paper 1117.
Andrews, E. D. (1980). Effective and bankfull discharge of streams in the Yampa basin, western
Wyoming. Journal of Hydrology, 46:311-330.
Andrews, E. D. (1984). Bed material entrainment and hydraulic geometry of gravel-bed rivers in Colorado.
Geological Society of America Bulletin, 95:371-378.
Bagnold, R. A. (1966). An approach to the sediment transport problem from general physics. Professional
Paper 422-I, U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, DC.
Biedenharn, D. S., Little, C. D., and Thorne, C. R. (1987). Magnitude and frequency analysis of large
rivers. In Ragan, R. M. (Ed.), Hydraulic Engineering, Proceedings of the National Conference on
Hydraulic Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineers, Williamsburg, pp. 782-787.
Biedenharn, D. S. and Thorne, C. R. (1994). Magnitude-frequency analysis of sediment transport in the
lower Mississippi River. Regulated Rivers, 9:237-251.
Blench, T. (1957). Regime Behaviour of Canals and Rivers. Butterworths Scientific Publications, London.
Brownlie, W. R. (1981). Prediction of flow depth and sediment discharge in open channels. Report No.
KH-R-43A, W. M. Keck Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA.
Brush, L. M. (1961). Drainage basins, channels and flow characteristics of selected streams in central
Pennsylvania. Professional Paper 282F, U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, DC, pp. 145-181.
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