Used Concrete Pipes. This bulkhead is made by standing used concrete pipes on end, placing them
side-by-side and then filling with granular soil (Figure 19). It is economical only when there is an
available supply of used concrete pipes and where a low structure is adequate. A filter system should be
provided behind the structure to relieve hydrostatic pressures. if a filter cloth is used, it should be forced
deeply into the grooves between pipes to avoid ballooning and bursting the cloth. The wall should not be
more than two pipe diameters high without an anchoring system, and a continuous concrete cap (not
pictured) could be cast across the tops of all pipes to insure performance as a unit. This type of bulkhead
may not provide long service because of the potential deterioration of the concrete pipes.
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