Longard_Tubes
Wave Height Range: Below five feet.
Longard tubes have performed fairly well when remaining intact (Figure 78). Failure has usually
resulted from holes or tears in the fabric and loss of sand fill. Longard tubes are probably best as a short
term or emergency measure because of their vulnerability to damage. When used as a groin, the Longard
tube should be underlain by a filter cloth with 10-inch tubes factory-stitched to each side. The filter cloth
helps to prevent settlement, and the small tubes hold the cloth in place.
Sheet Piling
Wave Height Range: Above five feet.
Sheet pile groins, an old and proven means of shore protection, can be constructed of timber,
steel, or aluminum sheeting. Toe protection or adequate embedment is required to insure the structure's
stability. The general recommendations given for sheet pile bulkheads also apply to groins. Figure 79
contains a section and profile, and Figure 80 a photograph of a typical sheet pile groin.
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