Table 7
Breakwater
Nawiliwili Harbor, Kauai, Hawaii
Construction and Rehabilitation History
1926
mound breakwater was completed (construction started in 1922). It
consisted of one-layer 8-ton keyed and fitted armor stone over
core stone (500 lb and less) with
slopes and a 15-ft-wide
crown at
ft mllw. Except for severe wave action, it was
considered to be a satisfactory empirical design cross section.
Minor repair work was done at various times during this period.
1927-
In 1931 114 stones were reset, and 3,153 tons of stone and
1953
concrete blocks were placed (no details available) at a cost of
,040. In 1930, 1932-37, 1945, 1951, and 1952, 1,998 tons of
stone were used in repair work at a total cost of ,285.
Details of the repair work were not found.
The breakwater was severely damaged as the result of a storm in
1954-
1954 (hindcasted depth-limited breaking wave height of 24 ft at
1957
structure) which destroyed the head, washed 100 ft of core stone
shoreward, and settled capstone to an elevation of a few feet
below mllw with little lateral movement. Storm waves displaced
armor stone and exposed and removed core material between
in 1956. Observed wave heights of 16 ft
sta
and sta
at the breakwater in September 1957 caused additional armor stones
and
and displacement
and core displacement between
of a few armor stone and core exposure between sta
and
Hydrographic and topographic surveys of January 1958
sta
revealed that Hurricane Nina (depth-limited breaking waves at
structure on 1 and 2 December 1957) displaced a few armor stones
and exposed core material on the sea-side slope between sta
It also caused settling and raveling of all armor
and sta
stone on the crown and sea-side slope between
and
sta
resulting in an exposed core and large voids between
to
armor stones and all armor stone and core above mllw
which was displaced
to sta
sta
and sta
shoreward.
landward of the original head (new
The head was rebuilt 100
1958-
head at sta
and 500
of the adjacent trunk were repaired
1959
Jackson, Hudson, and Housley 1960). Additionally, 17.8-ton tri-
randomly placed
two layers on the
slope of
in one layer on the sea-side slope
the head and uniformly
(Continued)
(Sheet 1 of 3)
29
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