Table 2.3. Characteristics of Water Surface Profiles

Figure 2.28. Classification of water surface profiles

Figure 2.29. Examples of water surface profiles

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Table 2.3. Characteristics of Water Surface Profiles.

With a type 1 curve (M1, S1, C1), the actual depth of flow y is greater than both the normal

depth yo and the critical depth yc. Because flow is tranquil, control of the flow is

With a type 2 curve (M2, S2, A2, H2), the actual depth y is between the normal depth yo and

the critical depth yc. The flow is tranquil for M2, A2 and H2 and thus the control is

downstream. Flow is rapid for S2 and the control is upstream.

With a type 3 curve (M3, S3, C3, A3, H3), the actual depth y is smaller than both the normal

depth yo and the critical depth yc. The flow is rapid and control is upstream.

For a mild slope, So is smaller than Sc and yo > yc.

For a steep slope, So is larger than Sc and yo < yc.

For a critical slope, So equals Sc and yo = yc.

For an adverse slope, So is negative.

For a horizontal slope, So equals zero.

The case where y → yc is of special interest. See paragraph preceding Figure 2.28.

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