bulk density:
Density of the water sediment mixture (mass per unit volume),
including both water and sediment.
bulkhead:
A vertical, or near vertical, wall that supports a bank or an
embankment; also may serve to protect against erosion.
bulking:
Increasing the water discharge to account for high
concentrations of sediment in the flow.
catchment:
See drainage basin.
causeway:
Rock or earth embankment carrying a roadway across water.
caving:
The collapse of a bank caused by undermining due to the
action of flowing water.
cellular-block
Interconnected concrete blocks with regular cavities placed
mattress:
directly on a streambank or filter to resist erosion. The cavities
can permit bank drainage and the growth of vegetation where
synthetic filter fabric is not used between the bank and
mattress.
channel:
The bed and banks that confine the surface flow of a stream.
channelization:
Straightening or deepening of a natural channel by artificial
cutoffs, grading, flow-control measures, or diversion of flow into
an engineered channel.
channel diversion:
The removal of flows by natural or artificial means from a
natural length of channel.
channel pattern:
The aspect of a stream channel in plan view, with particular
reference to the degree of sinuosity, braiding, and
anabranching.
channel process:
Behavior of a channel with respect to shifting, erosion and
sedimentation.
check dam:
A low dam or weir across a channel used to control stage or
degradation.
choking (of flow):
Excessive constriction of flow which may cause severe
backwater effect.
clay (mineral):
A particle whose diameter is in the range of 0.00024 to 0.004
mm.
clay plug:
A cutoff meander bend filled with fine grained cohesive
sediments.
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