Table 51
Ludington Harbor Structures
Ludington, Michigan
Construction and Rehabilitation History
Construction of a north (Figure 139 Sections J and
and south
1866-
pier was completed during this
(Figure 139, Sections L, M, and
1874
period. The north pier consisted of stone-filled timber cribs about
1 . The south pier orig-
inally consisted of stone-filled 20-ft-wide timber cribs (Figure 139,
spaced
Sections L and M) and woodpilings (Figure 137, Section
about 20 ft apart and filled with stone.
The north pier was extended (Figure 139, Sections G and H) by 311 ft.
1879-
The extension involved the construction of stone-filled timber cribs
1880
1907-
Construction of the north and south breakwaters (Figure 139) was
completed in this time frame. The lakeward portions of the break-
1914
waters (Figures 139, 141, and 142, Sections A, B, C, D, and E) were
constructed with stone-filled timber cribs with a width of 30 ft.
The structures were built on a stone base. The shoreward portions of
the breakwaters (Figures 139 and 142, Sections F and Fl) were con-
structed with woodpiling with widths ranging from 12 to 20 ft.
and Jl), the
The north pier (Figures 139 and 140, Sections G, H,
1922-
south pier (Figure 139, Sections L, M, and N) and the lakeward por-
1929
and south
tions of the north (Figures 139 and 141, Sections A and
(Figures 139 and 142, Sections C and
breakwaters were capped with
stone and concrete superstructures during-this period. The crest
of the north and south piers were
ft lwd, and those of the north
and
ft lwd,
and south breakwaters were approximately
respectively.
The shoreward portions of the north and south breakwaters (Fig-
1936-
ures 139, 141, and 142, Sections C, F, and
were capped with stone
1937
and concrete superstructures. The crest els of these structures
ft to
ft lwd.
ranged from about
The north pier (Figure 139, Sections G, H, J, and
and the lake-
1954-
ward end of the south breakwater (Figure 139, Sections D and E) were
1964
steel
repaired during this time. The north pier was encased
sheetpiling. The lakeward portion of the pier (Figure 140,
tions G, H, and J) included gravel fill and a concrete cap. The re-
paired pier was about 32 ft wide and had a crest el ranging from
lwd (Sections H and J.
)
ft lwd (Section G) to
The
shoreward portion of the pier (Figure 140, Section
was stone
filled on the channel side with a concrete cap. The structure was
ft lwd. Repairs to the south
backfilled with sand at an el of
(Continued)
224
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