Table 38
Calumet Harbor Breakwaters
Calumet Harbor and River, Illinois and Indiana
Construction and Rehabilitation History
1904
Construction of a 6,714-ft-long attached breakwater was completed
(Figure 100, Sections A and B. The breakwaters were stone-filled
)
timber crib structures built on a stone base. Riprap toe protection
was installed on each side of the breakwater. The shoreward 1,700-ft
length was 24 ft in width (Figure 101, Section A , and the remaining
)
breakwater was 30 ft wide (Figure 101, Section B.
)
1921
The inner 1,700-ft portion of the breakwater (Figure 100, Section A)
was capped with a stone and concrete superstructure, resulting in a
ft
crest el of
1924
The outer 5,014-ft portion of the timber crib breakwater (Figure 100,
was capped with a stone and concrete superstructure. The
Section
(Figure 101, Section B.
)
crest el of the breakwater was
ft
Construction of a 5,007-ft-long cellular steel sheet-pile detached
1935
breakwater (Figure 100, Section
was completed. The cells had a
radius of 40 ft and were stone filled. Riprap toe protection was
placed on each side of the breakwater. The structures were capped
ft
with stone (7 to 20 tons each) and had a crest el of
(Figure 101, Section
Portions of the detached breakwater (Figures 100 and 101, Sec-
1957
and C- 2) were repaired. Heavy riprap stone was placed on
tions
each side of the structure at the northern end (Section
and on
the lakeside of the breakwater on the southerly end (Section C 2 .
-)
Portions of the attached timber crib breakwater (Figures 100 and 101,
1961-
Sections A-1 and
were repaired. Riprap protection was placed on
1962
the lakeside of the breakwater at Section A-1 and on the harbor side
at Section
A severe storm occurred in February with estimated wave heights of
1984
15 ft. Two cells at the southern end of the detached breakwater
failed, and the fill stone was lost under the impact of the storm
waves. Stones ranging from 6 to 2 3 tons were placed on the ends of
the damaged cells in October to stabilize them and prevent damage to
adjacent cells. A total of 3,938 tons of stone was used during these
November a site inspection of the attached timber
repairs.
crib structure revealed damaged concrete with exposed
spalling, concrete deterioration, fractured concrete, voids, and
erosion of some cribs on the harbor side.
A reconnaissance report for breakwater rehabilitation was published
1985
by NCC recommending conversion of the attached breakwater to a
rubble-mound structure as an attempt to preserve the detached break-
water with rubble-mound berms installed on each side.
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